Key-Study to Execute Code Using Demand Paging and NAND Flash at Smart Card Scale

Nowadays, the desire to embed more applications in systems as small as smart cards or sensors is growing. However, physical limitations of these systems, like very small main memory, and their cost of production make this very difficult to achieve. One solution is to execute code from a secondary memory, cheaper, denser, but slower, as NAND Flash. Solutions based on Demand-Paging and using a cache in main memory, began to be proposed and implemented in the domain of mobile phones, but consume too much RAM yet, compared to what can provide a smart card. In this paper, we show that we can dramatically increase performance by reducing the size of pages in the cache. This solution then allows a more intelligent access to the NAND. We also show that our solution allows to use Demand-Paging within limits of smart cards memories, where a conventional approach, offering too low bandwidth, makes impossible code execution from this kind of secondary memory. Finally, we present important future keys to optimize even more our proposal, and specially off-line code specialization aware of NAND and cache properties.